Тарҷумаи тоҷикии “The past continuous tense” – и англисӣ “Замони гузаштаи давомдор” мебошад, лекин он вазифаҳоеро, ки “The past continuous tense” дар забони англисӣ иҷро мекунад, дар забони модарии мо “Замони гузаштаи дури давомдор” иҷро менамояд. Ба ҷумлаҳои зерини тоҷикӣ назар афканед:
Ман китоб хонда истода будам.
Ту ба бозор рафта истода будӣ.
Онҳо аз мактаб омада истода буданд.
Чӣ хеле ки дида истодаед замони гузаштаи давомдор дар забони тоҷикӣ аз сифати феълии феълҳои асосӣ (хонда, рафта, омада), феълҳои ёридиҳандаи “истодан” ва “будан” сохта мешавад. Замони гузаштаи давомдор амалеро мефаҳмонад, ки дар гузашта дар ягон лаҳзаи муайян иҷро шудааст.
Феълҳои модалӣ дар забони англисӣ инҷо мутоли намоед >>ФЕЪЛҲОИ МОДАЛӢ
Дар забони англисӣ барои сохтани замони гузаштаи давомдор, яъне “The past continuous tense” шаклҳои феъли ёридиҳандаи “to be” дар замони гузашта – “was”, “were” ва сифати феълии замони ҳозира (асосӣ феълӣ бо бандаки “ing”) истифода бурда мешаванд.
Мисолҳо:
I was playing Ман бозӣ карда истода будам.
You were playing Ту бозӣ карда истода будӣ.
Не was playing – Ӯ бозӣ карда истода буд.
She was playing – Ӯ бозӣ карда истода буд.
It was playing – Вай бозӣ карда истода буд.
We were playing- Мо бозӣ карда истода будем.
You were playing – Шумо бозӣ карда истода будед.
They were playing – Онҳо бозӣ карда истода буданд.
Шумо бо он дигаргуниҳое, ки пеш аз ҳамроҳ шудани бандаки “ing” дар охири феълҳо ба амал меоянд аллакай ошно ҳастед. Аз мавзуи “The past continuous tense” ба хотир оред:
swim-swimming
live-living
die-dying
Ҳоло дар замони гузаштаи давомдор якчанд ҷумла месозем.
She was sleeping on the sofa. – Ӯ дар диван хобида буд.
They were helping their dassmates. – Онҳо ба ҳамсинфонашон ёрӣ расонида истода буданд.
The children were running very quickly. – Бачаҳо хеле тез давида истода буданд.
Akbar was talking to his friend. – Акбар бо рафиқаш сӯҳбат карда истода буд.
Mastona was sewing her dress. – Мастона пероҳани худро духта истода буд.
Калимаву ибораҳои зерин ба сифати зарфи замон бо замони гузаштаи давомдор истифода карда мешаванд:
at 5 o’clock yesterday – дирӯз дар соати 5,
from 6 till 8 – аз соати 6 то 8,
whole day yesterday – дируз тамоми руз,
for a long time – муддати дароз.
Мисолҳо:
They were dancing in the hall at 6 o’clock yesterday – Онҳо дируз дар соати 6 дар зал рақсида истода буданд.
Yesterday at 10 o’clock Rustam was driving a big truck – Дируз дар соати 10 Рустам мошини калонеро ронда истода буд.
We were waiting for you whole day yesterday – Mo дируз тамоми руз шуморо интизор шуда истода будем.
The girls were playing tennis from 5 till 7 – Духтарон аз соати 5 то 7 бегоҳӣ теннисбозӣ карда истода буданд.
“The past continuous tense”- и забони англисӣ метавонад, ки бо замони гузаштаи ҳикоягии забони тоҷикӣ низ ҳаммаъноӣ кунад. Ҳоло ду намуд тарҷумаи тоҷикии як ҷумлаи англисиро дида мебароем.
I was fixing my car when my sister was washing her dress.
1.Вақте, ки хоҳарам пероҳани худро шуста истода буд, ман мошинамро соз карда истода будам.
- Вақте, ки хоҳарам пероҳанашро мешуст, ман мошинамро таъмир мекардам.
Мисолҳои дигар:
I was playing with my sister while our grandparents were planting trees in the garden.
While they were hitting the dog it was barking very loudly.
When they were stealing apples the policeman was running after them.
When she was rising to the mountain the sun was shining very brightly.
While the women were sitting on the bench under the tree the birds were singing on the tree.
Ҷумлахои инкорӣ
We were not working in the yard at 7 o’clock yesterday.
She wasn’t feeding her dog for a long time.
When I came in he wasn’t comparing his shirt with mine.
They were not drinking water because they were not thirsty.
My cat wasn’t eating meat because it wasn’t hungry.
She was sad because her husband wasn’t buying a new dress for her.
My brothers were not planting flowers whole day yesterday.
Саволҳои умумӣ
Were you swimming in the river from 9 till 11? No, I wasnt.
Was Madina baking bread at 10 o’clock yesterday? Yes, she was.
Were Rustam and Adiba buying potatoes when you were in the market? Yes. thev were.
Саволҳои алтернативӣ
Was Akram reading a book or watching TV when you opened the door? He was reading a book.
Were your sons sleeping or dancing from 6 till 10 in the morning? They were sleeping.
Was my dog barking or playing while you came? It was barking.
Were our naighbours fishing or walking whole day yesterday? They were fishing.
Саволҳои махсус
What were the boys doing when Rashid opened the window? They were fighting in the room.
How were your classmates celebrating Nigora’s birthday? They were celebrating very happily.
Whom were you going to the shop at 7 o’clock with? I was going to the shop with my cousin.
Whom was your grandfather telling to you about? He was telling about his close friends.
What parrots was Shabnam choosing from 9 till 11? She was choosing beautiful parrots.
Whose car was the repairman fixing whole day yesterday? He was fixing my friends car.
Why were her children crying at 10 o’clock at night? Because they were afraid.
Where was Anvar walking with his dog for a long time yesterday? He was walking in the garden.
Where were you sending the letter when I saw you near the post? I was sending it to Washington
Замони гузаштаи давомдор дар забони англиси, маълумот бо забони точики, омузиши забони англиси, реферат.
